DFI Journal - The Journal of the Deep Foundations Institute
Volume 18, Issue 1, April 2024
DOI: 10.37308/DFIJnl.20230915.297
All Journal papers are free to DFI members.
If you are a member, please click on the "Login" link at the top of this page to to download this paper.
Not a member? Join here to get access to all papers or click the purchase button below to access this paper only.
Centrifuge Modeling of the Monotonic Capacity of Offshore Ring Anchors in Sand
Article Type: Research Paper
Huang, L., et al.
Abstract
The development of offshore wind technology has become a feasible solution to meet the increasing demands for clean and renewable energy. The United States has a total of 4250GW offshore wind energy potential; however, 65% of it is in deep water zones (Lopez et al., 2022) where wind turbines with fixed foundations typically are economically and technically unfeasible. In those situations, floating turbines supported by subsea anchors are a more competitive solution. Based on previous studies, ring anchors can be more material-efficient than piles and caissons because they require less material. Ring anchors also perform better than drag anchors due to their greater embedment depth. To further understand the behavior of ring anchors in saturated sand, a series of centrifuge load tests were performed at the University of California Davis Center for Geotechnical Modeling (CGM) at an acceleration of 70g. This test series investigated the effect of the anchor embedment depth and loading angle on the monotonic loading behavior. The ring anchor models were embedded in dense saturated sand, and then connected to an actuator using taut steel wire ropes. Sensors were used to measure the line tension, displacement, and inclination. The results indicate that the ring anchors mobilize greater capacities as their embedment depth is increased and when they are loaded at angles close to the horizontal direction, while vertical loading leads to the smallest capacity. The anchor displacement during the tests deviated slightly from the loading direction, showing a horizontal deviation at the earlier stages of the tests and a vertical one after the peak load. Furthermore, soil disturbance induced by the anchor installation was found to have a strong effect on the vertical capacity of the ring anchors. Overall, this study provides valuable information regarding the monotonic loading behavior of ring anchors which can aid in their future field deployment.
Keywords:
floating offshore, ring-shaped anchor, offshore anchor, centrifuge modeling