DFI Journal - The Journal of the Deep Foundations Institute
Volume 4, Issue 1, April 2010
DOI: 10.1179/dfi.2010.002
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Analysis of a Deep Excavation In Calgary, Alberta
Article Type: Research Paper
Lardner, T., Janes, M., Lo, K. Y., Qu, G. & Micic, S.
Abstract
Excavation for The Bow, EnCana, in downtown Calgary, occurred between May 2007 and September 2008. A monitoring programme was used to determine the behaviour of the shoring wall, soil and bedrock during the excavation for the 21 metre (69 ft) deep excavation with a footprint of approximately 17,000 m2 (183,000 sq ft). Results from the inclinometer readings indicated that significant horizontal movement due to a weak rock layer and shear band effect. These modes of movement account for up to 100 mm (4.0 in) and 45 mm (1.8 in) of lateral deflection, respectively. Based upon the results of the monitoring programme, rock samples were collected from the weak mudstone bedrock, with great difficulty, to determine the strength and deformation parameters. Results from the uniaxial compression tests indicate a UCS around 830 kPa (120 psi) and elastic modulus between 80 and 180 MPa (11 and 26 ksi). Mohr-Columb parameters were determined to be c' = 340 kPa (49 psi) and ?' = 24°. Residual strengths were determined to be c'r = 0 and ?'r = 15°. Using the results of the laboratory tests and field investigation records, an initial finite element analysis was conducted. Results of the analysis show good correlation when compared with the observed monitoring deformation, indicating accurate portrayal of rock parameters. Additional analysis and investigation is required to determine the principal horizontal stresses in magnitude and direction.
Keywords:
excavation, monitoring, inclinometer, extensometer, load test, hydrostatic compression test, finite element analysis, shear test